{"id":25509,"date":"2025-08-22T16:53:03","date_gmt":"2025-08-22T08:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/structural-welding-vs-standard-welding-whats-the-difference\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T13:35:51","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T05:35:51","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"Structural<\/h2>\n

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\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c GMAW\/MIG \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 FCAW \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 GTAW \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 WPS\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 PQRs \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\nAWS D1.x\u060c AISC\u060c EN 1090\u060c ISO 3834<\/td>\n\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 AWS\/ISO\u061b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td>\nWPS + PQR \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 WPS\u061b \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 PQR \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a AWS D1.1)<\/td>\n\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a (A36\u060c A572\u060c S355\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e)\u061b \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u061b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (NDE) (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a)<\/td>\n10\u2013100% \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/td>\n0\u201310% (\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629: \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 (\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627)<\/td>\n\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 + \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 (\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 5\u201310 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\/\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u061b \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (NCR)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u2014 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (CJP) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 (PJP) \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 (CVN)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (HAZ) \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n

\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\/\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/h3>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (VT)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (MT)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 (PT)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 (UT)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a (RT) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a (VT)\u061b \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (MT) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 (PT) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 (UT) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 (RT).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\"Structural<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (NCRs)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a (\u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629)<\/td>\n\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 8 \u0645\u0645 (\u0645\u0645\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMAW (\u0639\u0635\u0627)<\/td>\n\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n1.0\u20133.0<\/td>\n80\u2013150<\/td>\n12\u201325<\/td>\n18\u201335<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GMAW (MIG\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (CO\u2082\/\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c)<\/td>\n3.0\u20138.0<\/td>\n300\u2013600<\/td>\n8\u201320<\/td>\n15\u201330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FCAW (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n4.0\u201310.0<\/td>\n200\u2013350<\/td>\n10\u201322<\/td>\n18\u201335<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAW (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n6.0\u201315.0<\/td>\n400\u20131000<\/td>\n9\u201318<\/td>\n16\u201332<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GTAW (TIG)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (Ar)<\/td>\n0.5\u20132.0<\/td>\n60\u2013120<\/td>\n15\u201335<\/td>\n22\u201345<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/strong> \u0641\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\/\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a (NDE)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u2014 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/h2>\n

\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a WPS\/PQR\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a (NDE):<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n
  • \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/strong> \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n

    \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a (NDE) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 CJP \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 (UT) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a (RT). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (WPS) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629).<\/li>\n
    • \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 PQRs \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    • \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a (NDE)\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 (UT) \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n
    • \u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    • \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a)<\/td>\n10\u201350% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n0\u201310% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 UT\/RT (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n10\u2013100% \u0645\u0646 CJP\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 (\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629)<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u061b \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642\u061b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (WPS)\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (PQR)\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a (NDE)<\/td>\n\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n

      \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n
      • \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644).<\/li>\n
      • \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d.<\/li>\n
      • \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621).<\/li>\n
      • \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u2014 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u2014 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00bb \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-80"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25509"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25514,"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25509\/revisions\/25514"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lyah-machining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}